Vancouver Style: Electronic Documents

•  References for electronic documents begin with the same information that would be provided for a printed source.

• Additional information must be provided (depending on the type of electronic publication) to correctly identify that you accessed the document in an electronic format.

• An electronic publication could be an internet site, an email, a journal article published on the internet, or a journal article retrieved from a full text database.

• Some documents are published in both paper and electronic formats. Please cite according to the format you accessed.

• Be aware that pagination may not be specified for many online publications. The number of the starting page can be included in your citation if it is given, and/or the number of pages in the document. For example: p. 7+ or (5 pp.).

For specific examples, please see:

E-books, E-journals or Internet Documents.

The elements listed below may be a useful guide to what you need to record when citing an electronic document:

• name of author(s) if given
• year or date of publication (or date site was created or updated)
• title of document
• title of web site or database
• pages, sections or paragraphs (if given)
• date you accessed the site
• database name (if appropriate)
• internet address (if appropriate)